Hydrology is the basis for the development, utilization, management, protection, prevention and control of water resources, as well as the planning, design, construction, management, and scheduling of engineering construction. Under the premise of vigorously strengthening water conservation, protecting water quality, and achieving sustainable utilization of water resources, it is particularly important to improve the management level of existing water resources.

Hydrological stations are the basic stations for collecting water information and the foundation of hydrological work. Continuous observation of the surface water and groundwater quantity and quality of rivers, lakes, and reservoirs in China through hydrological stations, real-time collection of water resource data, plays a crucial role in water resource development, utilization, management, protection, and rational allocation, achieving the goals of improving water resource utilization and enhancing aquatic ecology. At the same time, it can also provide timely and accurate decision-making basis for flood control and moisture-proof command and dispatch. For a long time, hydrological workers have relied on manual and visual measurements to collect hydrological information, which directly affects the accuracy and quality of measurement and reporting results. The use of wireless video surveillance systems to collect basic information such as data, images, sound, and video can not only improve accuracy, but also enable hydrological workers to bid farewell to traditional work methods.

industry characteristics
1. The requirements for hydrological information security and prevention are high. In case of disasters such as wind, rainstorm and breach, the hydrological information cannot be transmitted in time once the line is broken by using the wired communication mode. Therefore, the disaster resistance of wired transmission is relatively poor, and it is difficult to adapt to the requirements of high reliability. In addition, the terrain of the river basin is complex and remote, and the cost of laying optical fiber is relatively high. In contrast, wireless communication wiring is simple, convenient, has better disaster resistance, and has lower costs, which can save a lot of investment. 
2. Hydrological stations are widely distributed and located in remote areas, far from the monitoring center. Using traditional wired connection methods, the cost of laying lines is high, the construction period is long, and physical factors such as rivers and mountains make it difficult to install cables. Wireless transmission has become the preferred method. 
3. Generally, the data collected by each hydrological station needs to be summarized at the township hydrological station first, and then transmitted back to the county hydrological station by each township hydrological station. Therefore, it is required that the wireless devices installed at township and county hydrological stations provide a large bandwidth to meet the bandwidth requirements for business transmission and ensure the stability of wireless links. 
When the distance between the county hydrological station and the township hydrological station is far or not visible in between, and there is obstruction, relay equipment needs to be installed. 
The transmission business of the data collection and monitoring system for water conservancy and hydrological stations generally focuses on data, such as water level, flow rate, flow velocity, tidal range, etc. The wireless monitoring system for data collection of water conservancy and hydrological stations needs to monitor the data of each remote hydrological station, and the sub stations are located at the monitoring points of each remote hydrological station. The automation acquisition equipment of the substation usually uses RS-232 or RS-485 ports, while the wireless bridge only provides RJ-45 ports. Therefore, a port protocol converter is required for front-end data acquisition. After converting the RS-232 or RS-485 port to RJ45 port and connecting it to the wireless bridge, it will be transmitted to the monitoring center. The monitoring center can monitor various flood data such as water level, flow rate, humidity, salinity, sand volume, and air volume in real time. When both video image transmission and data collection are required, a switch should be used to connect the port converter, video encoder, and bridge. 
6. Considering the accuracy of data transmission plays an important role in flood prevention and moisture-proof command, and at the same time, it is necessary to work 24/7. Therefore, it is required to choose a wide bandwidth and stable wireless link outdoor wireless bridge. 
7. Install corresponding monitoring cameras (color or black and white, fixed or movable pan tilt, fixed focus or zoom) at each monitoring point according to the specific situation of the monitoring point. At each monitoring point, one or several surveillance cameras can be installed, and each peripheral is equipped with a gimbal, protective cover, and gimbal controller. Each video capture point is matched with a video codec. Surveillance cameras are used to collect real-time video signals from various monitoring points. The gimbal can be controlled by the computer in the control center. Users can control the camera horizontally 360 degrees, vertically 90 degrees, and zoom. 
8. The monitoring center is mainly composed of video decoders, matrix TV walls, monitoring servers, hard disk recorders, etc. It can complete on-site image reception and display, video storage, retrieval, playback, backup, recovery, etc.