Industry Overview

With the continuous development of afforestation, the forest area and forestry storage volume have been increasing year by year, and fire prevention work is the primary task. Forest fires are characterized by suddenness and random occurrence of disasters
The characteristic of causing significant losses in a short period of time due to sexual activity. Therefore, once a fire alarm occurs, it is necessary to take firefighting measures at an extremely fast speed, determine whether the firefighting is timely, and decide whether to Appropriate, the important reason depends on whether the detection of forest fire behavior is timely. Efforts are being made both domestically and internationally to prevent, reduce, and control forest fires.

In response to the actual situation of forest coverage in China, due to the complex terrain conditions in forest areas, the usual wired transmission mode is not applicable. After several years of project implementation, Jiedian Company Practice, launch a practical and feasible solution - forest fire prevention wireless image monitoring system.

The forest fire prevention wireless image monitoring system consists of a forest monitoring and management command center system, a wireless transmission system, a camera and lens system, a pan tilt control system, a power system, and Composed of iron towers. The forest monitoring and management command center system is the image display and video recording control center of the entire system, with remote control function, providing guidance to command and dispatch personnel Provide comprehensive, clear, operable, recordable, and replayable real-time on-site images. The forest monitoring and management command center system also has the capability to report to higher-level forestry bureaus and provincial forestry authorities The function of the hall interface.

Key points of system design

To achieve real-time monitoring in complex forest environments, the system should consider the following characteristics:
1. The environment leads to a large monitoring range. The selection of monitoring points should first be installed at a high point in the forest, requiring a wide field of view, unobstructed access, and a large monitoring angle, with as few cameras as possible
Monitor points and try to maximize the forest area covered by each monitoring point. If there are blind spots that cannot be avoided, additional monitoring points can be added. 
2. 24/7 monitoring. Monitoring points need to work 24/7, which requires the selection of infrared sensitive color to black and white cameras when choosing cameras; The lens should be used for both day and night purposes
Type lens, and can clearly see the movements of the characters from a distance of 3 kilometers; The gimbal requires the use of an outdoor integrated gimbal with screw drive. In order to reduce the shaking of long-distance images, the camera's
Installation should also ensure firmness and stability.
3. The transmission link is the most critical link in the system. Due to the inherent characteristics of forest fire monitoring, it is not possible to use wired or fiber optic transmission methods. Therefore, it is most reasonable
The way of thinking is wireless transmission. The wireless transmission method has undoubtedly become the preferred transmission link for monitoring systems due to its advantages of simple construction, low cost, and one-time investment. image
Real time transmission, clarity, optional transmission frequency, and the power can be configured according to the distance of transmission and different natural conditions on site. In case of
In the case of obstacles blocking, a relay (image/data) system can be installed. 
4. Forest fire prevention involves a wide range and a long distance. The forest areas that need to be monitored are far away from the monitoring management center and distributed in a scattered manner. Usually using 2.4G and
5.8G product hybrid networking mode. For densely distributed remote points, a 5.8G point to multipoint networking mode is adopted; For some remote points that are far away, 2.4G can be used
Product networking.
5. Power supply for front-end devices. In forest fire prevention monitoring systems, it is very important to provide stable power to front-end devices. So when we choose monitoring points
Wait, try to consider choosing a place with a fixed power supply, but everyone will consider that the monitoring point with power supply is far away from the center, which reflects the wireless transmission over long distances
Prepare advantages. If a suitable active point cannot be found, solar power supply can only be used.
When using solar power supply, the first step is to choose products from professional solar power companies; Secondly, the solar power supply system should at least ensure that it can provide electricity on rainy days
All front-end devices at each monitoring point provide 24-hour power. The solar power supply system consists of a solar cell array composed of solar cell modules and solar charging control
Composed of device, inverter, and battery pack. The solar cell array converts solar energy into electrical energy during clear daylight hours, providing power to the load while also charging the battery pack
When there is no light, the load is powered by the battery. 
6. Lightning protection grounding should be safe and reliable. The weakness of the forest fire monitoring system lies in the lightning protection and grounding of the front-end equipment, which directly affects the safety of the entire project
Neglecting lightning protection and grounding will cause huge losses to users in terms of safety and reliability. The principle of lightning protection is that all equipment must be installed within the protection range of the lightning rod
The ground resistance should not exceed 10 ohms. If the contractor does not have lightning protection and grounding capabilities, it is recommended to cooperate with local professional lightning protection and grounding companies. The characteristics of lightning protection and grounding are
The actual lightning protection effect determined and influenced by the environment, therefore designing lightning protection and grounding without considering the specific situation of the project location is just theoretical and not feasible.
7. To detect fire alarms in a timely manner, the front-end needs to have smoke detectors and other sensors, as well as alarm linkage devices. At this point, it is important to note:
(1) Connect the sensor and alarm linkage device correctly to the 485 line of the video encoder.
(2) Set 485 address. 
(3) The control protocols of the front-end and back-end must be consistent. 
(4) The baud rate of remote and backend devices must be set consistently.
8. The center monitors the working status of front-end equipment in real-time. Due to the remote location of the entire monitoring front-end equipment, maintenance is extremely inconvenient, so the center needs to be able to keep track of the front-end equipment at all times.
The working status will play an important guiding and analytical role in maintenance, reducing the intensity and cost of the entire system maintenance work on the one hand, and protecting users and workers on the other hand
The interests of both Cheng and Shang parties. 
9. The backend monitoring command and control system usually views images in a multi client manner. Under the premise of sufficient wireless link bandwidth, all images should be transmitted using multicast mode
In order to save wireless link bandwidth and ensure the stability of the wireless link. At this point, the switch in the monitoring center must have multicast forwarding control function to prevent broadcast storms from occurring
Born.
Requirements for wireless transmission links
When choosing microwave products, it is necessary to consider establishing reliable and efficient links in harsh and complex forest environments to ensure the performance of the entire system
The following factors:
1. Meet the requirements of outdoor products. 
2. Support long-distance and point to multipoint large-scale network transmission, provide sufficiently high link bandwidth, and support bandwidth allocation. 
3. Support forwarding control of video multicast packets. 
4. High stability and reliability of wireless transmission. 
5. Easy installation, powerful management functions, and low maintenance costs

Networking mode: